The range of function f (x) = 3 ^ (2x) - 2 * 3 ^ x-3 is

The range of function f (x) = 3 ^ (2x) - 2 * 3 ^ x-3 is

F (x) = 3 ^ (2x) - 2 × 3 ^ X - 3 = (3 ^ x) & # 178; - 2 × 3 ^ x + 1-4 = (3 ^ X - 1) & # 178; - 43 > 1,3 ^ x is constant > 0 when 3 ^ x = 1, that is, when x = 0, f (x) has the minimum value [f (x)] min = - 4 when 3 ^ X - > + ∞, (3 ^ X - 1) & # 178; - > + ∞ f (x) - > + ∞, the function has no maximum value