What are the pronunciation rules of letter combination?

What are the pronunciation rules of letter combination?

The combination of the R syllable ar [or] Er [& # 601;:] IR [& # 601;:] or [& # 596;:] ur [& # 601;:] with the letter a al [&;:] ay (AI) [EI] aw [&;:] a (before the letter S) [or] air [& # 603; & # 601;] with the letter E e e e [I:] EA [I:] or [e] ear [I & #]