How do the electrons in the overlapping part of two bonded atomic electron clouds move? Is there any electron motion in the overlap part of the orbit?

This depends on the type of p orbital electron bonding: if it is a top-to-top sigma bond, the motion of the shared electron can not only run on its own orbit, but also run on the orbit of the corresponding pair of electrons, and it is bound by two nuclei, so the bonding is stable; however, when they form a π bond side by side

Is the shape of the electron cloud equal to that of the atomic orbit?

Not at all
For example, the shape of p orbital, atomic orbital is two circles, and the shape of electron cloud is dumbbell like ellipse
Because the expression of the probability density of the electron cloud is the square of the absolute value of the wave function, the original circle becomes dumbbell shape after the square treatment

Angular distribution of atomic orbital
Is the motion orbit of an atom drawn according to the "angle distribution diagram of atomic orbit"? Does it not describe the motion state of electrons outside the nucleus?
I don't know whether the atom or the electron moves according to the "atomic orbital angle distribution diagram". Furthermore, if the motion takes the nucleus as the origin, do the P and d orbitals have to pass through the nucleus? Isn't that a collision with the nucleus?

When learning the trajectories of particles in the micro world, don't compare the trajectories of particles in the macro world with the trajectories of particles in the micro world [the speed of electrons is equal to the speed of light, and rockets can't reach it (ha ha!)]. The s, P, D orbits of electrons refer to the frequency of electrons appearing in these orbits, that is, the form of electron clouds, There is no problem of collision with the nucleus

What does the sign in the atomic orbit mean?

The wave function of atomic orbit can be divided into positive value and negative value
The sign indicates that the angular part of the wave function y (θ, φ) is positive or negative at these angles
If you learn quantum mechanics, can you understand this?

What is the significance of the sign on the profile of the angular distribution of atomic orbitals?

Without clear physical meaning, the wave function itself has no clear physical meaning (if we have to say its physical meaning, it is the vibration amplitude distribution of the electron as a kind of wave in space, as for what physical quantity is doing the vibration, no one knows, unlike the mechanical vibration of the particle, the displacement is constantly changing, positive and negative)

What do the "+" and "-" signs mean?
In the atomic orbital theory, what is the meaning of the sign in the angular distribution of atoms, and what is the relationship between the overlap of electron clouds in bonding and them?

This is the positive and negative value of the wave function. The density of the electron cloud decreases with the combination of positive and negative
The density of electron cloud increases, which can be used as a bonding method

Does the sign of an atomic orbit refer to the spin direction? Why can only atomic orbits with the same sign overlap effectively?

The atomic orbit is actually a wave function, which describes the state of the electron outside the nucleus. The sign of the atomic orbit is the sign of the wave function
The wave function does not involve the spin of the electron, so the sign of the atomic orbit is independent of the spin
Both the same and different atomic orbitals may form effective overlap, but the energy to form new orbitals is different. Invalid overlap refers to the symmetry mismatch
I don't know if the landlord is satisfied with the above explanation. If necessary, I can say it in detail

What's the matter with atomic orbitals and electron clouds? Aren't electrons distributed in different energy layers
What's the matter with atomic orbitals and electron clouds? Aren't electrons distributed in different energy layers? What's the relationship between electron clouds and energy layers, Are there many electron clouds in each energy level? Are not the electron clouds of each energy level different? Are there several electron clouds in each energy level? Is the electron cloud not a probability distribution when covalent bond is formed? What's the relationship between the bond formation of various energy levels and the shape of the electron cloud? It's dizzy. I feel that the textbook is not thorough, it's all vague

It's true that the explanation in the textbook is not clear
First of all, do you know the principle of uncertainty? This is a core and foundation of quantum mechanics. According to the principle of uncertainty, it is impossible for a particle as small as a single electron (note that it is a "single" electron) to have a certain trajectory, and the motion of a single electron is completely random, If you put an electron in a completely closed small box, there is still a certain probability that the electron will appear outside the box, although the probability is very small. This is called tunneling effect
To get back to the topic, we mentioned several important keywords: uncertainty, trajectory, probability. "The determined trajectory" is the so-called "orbit". It has been said that because of the uncertainty principle, there is no definite trajectory for a single electron. But there is the theory of orbit, Why? Because the concept of "orbit" is actually an artificial help to understand a physical image described. Electrons do not move on a fixed track. The so-called "orbit" can only be understood from a statistical point of view, that is, the "probability" mentioned above. Although the track of a single electron is completely random and trackless, the "orbit" can only be understood from a statistical point of view, But statistics can be used to predict the motion of electrons
Therefore, the motion law predicted by using statistical laws (wave function, Schrodinger equation) is the so-called "orbit". Although many books you see draw images of orbits one by one, in fact, the description of orbits should be described by wave function, for example, although the 1s orbit of primitive h is drawn as a ball, But the electron can also appear outside the ball. The ball is just the place with the highest probability of electron appearance. The correct description of 1s orbit is a probability density function with radius distribution
The correct physical image of the probability density function, or orbit, is the electron cloud - like a cloud cluster, with concentrated and dispersed distribution. Some people may wonder that the old saying "statistical law" and "multiple electrons" is used, but the hydrogen atom has only one electron. How can the statistical law be obtained? In fact, it's very easy to deal with fewer electrons, but with more times, there can be statistical laws, such as coin tossing, When a coin is tossed 10000 times, the statistical law will tell you that about 5000 times are positive and 5000 times are negative. Therefore, we say that the probability of face up is 50%. Similarly, the probability of an electron appearing at every point in space can be described by probability density, so there is an electron cloud. It is also the origin of orbit
As for the layer by layer structure, the motion of electrons is also limited by a series of conditions, which leads to the probability distribution of their motion in space is not uniform, or layer by layer. The probability of a specific number of electrons appearing in each layer is the highest. In other words, that layer "fills" several electrons
It should be thorough and clear enough ~ it's impossible to see a more professional answer than me

Is Bohr's atomic model hierarchical?
Who put forward the layered atom model?

Actually, it's not. It's just a hypothetical hierarchical model, which is easy to understand and study

The difference between Rutherford's and Thomson's atomic models is incorrect
A the former thinks that there is a nucleus, while the latter thinks that there is no nucleus
B the former is considered solid and the latter hollow
Both of them think that the atomic mass is very small, and almost all the atomic mass is concentrated in the positively charged matter
Both believe that atoms consist of positively charged matter and negatively charged electrons

B
Thomson atomic model holds that the atomic mass is evenly distributed and the surface is embedded with negative electrons, but it is not hollow

How do the electrons in the overlapping part of two bonded atomic electron clouds move? Is there any electron motion in the overlap part of the orbit?