求英語語法一般現在時、一般將來時、一般過去時、過去將來時、現在完成時、過去完成時、現在進行時、 等語法有什麼區別?最好講解的通俗點!

求英語語法一般現在時、一般將來時、一般過去時、過去將來時、現在完成時、過去完成時、現在進行時、 等語法有什麼區別?最好講解的通俗點!

1.一般現在時的用法
1)經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用.時間狀語:every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday.例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七點離開家.
2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實.例如:
The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽轉動.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位於中國東部.
3)表示格言或警句.例如:
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗.
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時.
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的.
4)現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性.例如:
I don't want so much.我不要那麼多.
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行.
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子.
I am doing my homework now.我正在做功課.
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作.第二句中的now是進行時的標誌,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時.
2.一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間裏所發生的動作或存在的狀態.例如:時間狀語有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等.例如:
Where did you go just now?剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作.例如:
When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎.
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth“到……時間了“”該……了“.例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了.
It is time that sb. did sth.“時間已遲了”“早該……了“,例如It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了.
would(had)rather sb. did sth.表示'寧願某人做某事'.例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧.
4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在.例如:I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些.
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義:達比家後已不再住在肯塔基州.)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意:用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣.
1)動詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等.例如:
Did you want anything else?您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me.能不能幫我一下.
2)情態動詞could,would.例如:
Could you lend me your bike?你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
3.一般將來時
1)shall用於第一人稱,常被will所代替.will在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱.例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first?我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚七點回家好嗎?
2)be going to +不定式,表示將來.
a.主語的意圖,即將做某事.例如:What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什麼呢?
b.計畫,安排要發生的事.例如:The play is going to be produced next month.這出戲下月開播.
c.有迹象要發生的事.例如:Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那烏雲,快要下雨了.
3)be +不定式錶將來,按計畫或正式安排將發生的事.例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告.
4)be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事.例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京.
注意:be about to do不能與tomorrow,next week等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用.
4.一般現在時錶將來
1)下列動詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情.例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火車明天上午六點開.
When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.汽車什麼時候開?十分鐘後.
2)以here,there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行.例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.車來了.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.鈴響了.
3)在時間或條件句中.例如:
When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.比爾來後,讓他等我.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那裡,就寫信給你.
4)在動詞hope,take care that,make sure that等的賓語從句中.例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開心.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了.
5.用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現在進行時可以表示將來.例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了.
Are you staying here till next week?你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
6.現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態.其構成:have(has)+過去分詞.
7.比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響.
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語.
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,last week,…ago,in1980,in October,just now等,
現在完成時的時間狀語:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等,皆不確定的時間狀語.
共同的時間狀語:this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately等.
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know..
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等.例如:
I saw this film yesterday.(強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film.(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early?(強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?(強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years.(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態永續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時.
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
8.用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time. that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時.例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問這城市.
This is the first time(that)I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌.
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that從句要用現在完成時.例如:
This is the best film that I've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影.
9.過去完成時
1)概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成.
那時以前那時現在
2)用法
a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞後的賓語從句.例如:
She said(that)she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她曾去過巴黎.
b.狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時.例如:
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警詧到達時,小偷們早就跑了.
c.表示意向的動詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時表示“原本…,未能…“.例如:
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before.他說過他以前學過一些英語.
By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了.
10.用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1)兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but等連詞時,多用一般過去時.例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起來.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了.
2)兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時.例如:
When I heard the news,I was very excited.
3)敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時.例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.將來完成時
1)構成will have done
2)概念
a.狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態.例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那時他們結婚將有二十年了.
b.動作完成:表示將來某一時或另