愛迪生的生平簡介

愛迪生的生平簡介

托馬斯·阿爾瓦·愛迪生（ThomasAlvaEdison）是比特舉世聞名的美國電學家和發明家，他除了在留聲機、電燈、電話、電報、電影等方面的發明和貢獻以外，在礦業、建築業、化工等領域也有不少著名的創造和真知灼見.愛迪生…

愛迪生的生平簡介（英文）

Thomas Alva Edison（February 11，1847–October 18，1931）was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world，including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. Dubbed“The Wizard of Menlo Park”by a newspaper reporter，he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention，and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history，holding 1093 U.S. patents in his name，as well as many patents in the United Kingdom，France and Germany.
Thomas Edison was born in Milan，Ohio and was raised in Port Huron，Michigan. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Ogden Edison，Jr.（1804–1896）（born in Marshalltown，Nova Scotia，Canada）and Nancy Matthews Edison nee Elliott（1810–1871）. His family was of Dutch origin.
In school，the young Edison's mind often wandered，and his teacher the Reverend Engle was overheard calling him“addled.”This ended Edison's three months of official schooling. He recalled later，“My mother was the making of me. She was so true，so sure of me；and I felt I had something to live for，someone I must not disappoint.“His mother then home schooledhim.Muchof his education came from reading R.G. Parker's School of Natural Philosophy.
The cause of Edison's deafness has been attributed to a bout of scarlet fever during childhood and recurring untreated middle ear infections. Edison around the middle of his career attributed the hearing loss to being struck on the ears by a train conductor when his chemical lab in a boxcar caught fire. In his later years he modified thestory to say the injury occurred when the conductor，in helping him onto a moving train，lifted him by the ears.
Edison's family was forced to move to Port Huron，Michigan when the railroad bypassed Milan in 1854，but his life there was bittersweet. This began Edison's long streak of entrepreneurial ventures as he discovered his talents as a businessman. These talents would eventually lead him to found General Electric，which is still a publicly tradedcompany，and 13 other companies. He sold candy and newspapers on trains running from Port Huron to Detroit，as well as vegetables that he sold to supplement his income.
Edison became a telegraph operator after he saved three-year-old Jimmie MacKenzie from being struck by a runaway train. Jimmie's father，station agent J.U. MacKenzie of Mount Clemens，Michigan，was so grateful that he trained Edison as a telegraph operator. Edison's first telegraphy job away from Port Huron was at Stratford Junction，Ontarioon the Grand TrunkRailway.In1866，at the age of 19，Thomas Edison moved to Louisville，Kentucky as an employee of Western Union working the Associated Press Bureau news wire. Edison requested the night shift at work which allowed him plenty of time to spend at his two favorite pastimes -- reading and experimenting. However，it was the latter that eventually cost him his job. One night in 1867，he was working with a battery when he spilled sulphuric acid onto the floor. It ran between the floorboards and onto his boss' desk below. The next morning he was fired.
Thomas Edison began his career as an inventor in Newark，New Jersey，with the automatic repeater and his other improved telegraphic devices，but the invention which first gained him fame was the phonograph in 1877. This accomplishment was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost magical. Edison became known as“The Wizard ofMenlo Park，“New Jersey，where he lived. His first phonograph recorded on tinfoil around a grooved cylinder and had poor sound quality. The tinfoil recordings could only be replayed a few times. In the 1880s，a redesigned model using wax-coated cardboard cylinders was produced by Alexander Graham Bell，Chichester Bell，and Charles Tainter. This was one reason that Thomas Edison continued work on his own“Perfected Phonograph.”
24回答者：拜託別說話-都司六級2007-9-22 09:27
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Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was a famous American scientist. He was born in 1847. When he was a child，he liked to find out how things worked. He was in school for only three months. He asked his teacher a lot of strange questions. Most of them had nothing to do with his lessons. The teacher thought the boy was not bright and was not worth teaching. Whenhe told this to Edisons mother，she took her son out of school. As she had been a teacher，she taught him herself. The boy read a lot. Soon he became very interested in science. At the age of ten，Edison had already built a chemistry lab for himself. Ever since then，he never stopped searching for new and better ways to do things.
Thomas Edison was born on February 11，1847 and died on October 18，1931. He was an inventor and businessman who developed many important devices.
“The Wizard of Menlo Park”was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention.
In 1880 Edison founded the journal Science，which in 1900 became the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors，holding a record 1093 patents in his name.
Most of these inventions were not completely original but improvements of earlier patents，and were actually works of his numerous employees.
Edison was frequently criticized for not sharing the credit.
Nevertheless，Edison received patents worldwide，including the United States，United Kingdom，France，and Germany. Edison started the Motion Picture Patents Company，which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios

愛迪生的英文名

英文名：Thomas Alva Edison
愛迪生發明創造年表：
1868年10月11日發明“投票計數器”，獲得生平第一項專利權.
1869年10月與友人合設“波普——愛迪生公司”.
1870年發明普用印刷機，出讓專利權，獲4萬美元.在紐約克自設製造廠.
1872—1876年發明電動畫機電報，自動複記電報法，二重、四重電報法，製造蠟紙炭質電阻器等.
1875年發明聲波分析諧振器.
1876年在新澤西州的門羅公園建立了一個實驗室——第一個工業研究實驗室.它是現代的“研究小組”這一概念的創始.發明碳精棒送話器.申請電報自動記錄機專利.
1877年在門羅公園改進了早期由貝爾發明的電話，並使之投入了實際使用.獲得三項專利：穿孔筆、氣動鐵筆和普通鐵筆.8月20日發明了被證實為愛迪生心愛的一個項目——留聲機.
1878年愛迪生宣稱要解决電照明的問題.英國皇家學會舉辦留聲機展覽.改良留聲機，設計微音器，擴音器，空中揚聲器，聲音發動機，調音發動機，微熱計，驗味計等.2月19日獲留聲機專利.7月與賓夕法尼亞大學派克教授赴懷俄明觀察日全蝕，並用他發明的氣溫計量測太陽周圍全體的溫度.8月返回門羅公園，重新投入科研實驗當中.英國準予愛迪生“錄放影機”專利申請.9月訪問康涅狄克州的威廉·華萊士.開始進行發明電燈的研究.10月5日提出等一份關於鉑絲“電燈”的專利申請.
1879—1880年經數千次的挫折發明高阻力白熾燈.改良發電機.設計電流新分佈法，電路的調准和計算法.發明電燈座和開關.發明磁力析礦法.
1879年8月30日愛迪生和貝爾在薩拉托加溪市的市政廳各自演示了電話裝置，結果愛迪生的電話比貝爾的清晰.10月21日發明高阻力白熾燈，它連續點燃了40個小時.11月1日申請碳絲燈專利.12月21日《紐約快報》報導了愛迪生的白熾電燈.12月25日對來自紐約市的3000名參觀者在門羅公園作公開電燈表演.
1880年研究直升機.獲得電燈發明專利權.製成磁力篩礦器.1月28日提出“電力輸配系統”專利書.2月18日《斯克立柏月刊》發表了《愛迪生的電燈》一文，正式發表了電燈的發明.5月第一艘由電燈照明的“哥倫比亞號”輪船試航成功.
12月成立紐約愛迪生電力照明公司.
1881紐約第五大街總部設立.成立一個白熾燈廠於紐約克.設立發電機，地下電線，電燈零件的製造廠.在門羅公園試驗電車.
1882發明電流三線分佈制.申請專利141項.9月4日成立第一所中央廠.12月底美國各地建立了150多個小電站.
1885年5月23日提出無線電報專利.
1887—1890年改良圓筒式留聲機，取得關於留聲機的專利權80餘份.經營留聲機，唱片，授語機等製造和發售事業.
1888年發明唱筒型留聲機.
1889年參加巴黎百年博覽會.發明電力鐵道多種.完成活動電影機.
1890—1899年設計大型碎石機，研磨機.在奧格登礦地親自指揮用新方法大規模開發鐵礦.
1891年發明“愛迪生選礦機”，開始自行經營採礦事業.獲得“活動電影放映機”專利.5月20日第一臺成功的活動電影視鏡在新澤西州西奧蘭治的愛迪生實驗室向公眾展示.
1893年愛迪生實驗室的庭院裏建立起世界上第一座電影“攝影棚”.
1894年4月14日在紐約開闢第一家活動電影放映機影院.
1896年年4月23