將兩個定值電阻串聯接到電壓為U的電源兩端,R1消耗的功率為P1,R2消耗的功率為3P1.將這兩個定值電阻並聯接在同一電源兩端時,下列說法中正確的是() A.串聯時R1與R2兩端的電壓之比為3:1B.並聯時R1消耗的功率為16P1C.並聯時通過R1與R2的電流之比為1:3D.並聯時兩電阻消耗的總功率163P1

將兩個定值電阻串聯接到電壓為U的電源兩端,R1消耗的功率為P1,R2消耗的功率為3P1.將這兩個定值電阻並聯接在同一電源兩端時,下列說法中正確的是() A.串聯時R1與R2兩端的電壓之比為3:1B.並聯時R1消耗的功率為16P1C.並聯時通過R1與R2的電流之比為1:3D.並聯時兩電阻消耗的總功率163P1

(1)R1、R2串聯時,通過兩電阻的電流相等,∵P=I2R,且P2=3P1,∴R2=3R1,∵U=IR,∴U1:U2=R1:R2=1:3;電路中的電流I=UR1+R2=UR1+3R1=U4R1,則P1=I2R1=(U4R1)2R1=U216R1.(2)當R1、R2並聯在同一電源兩端時,兩電阻兩端的電壓相等為U,R1消耗的功率為P1′=U2R1=16P1;∵I=UR,∴通過R1與R2的電流之比I1′:I2′=R2:R1=3:1;電路消耗的總功率P總′=U2R1+U2R2=U2R1+U23R1=43×16P1=643P1.故選B.