How to connect the 220 V power indicator with LED? How much resistance should be connected in series? With or without diodes?

How to connect the 220 V power indicator with LED? How much resistance should be connected in series? With or without diodes?

You don't need a diode
The resistance can be used within 51-120k, and the power is 0.25W, as shown in the figure

Is the power indicator on the socket directly connected to the voltage of 220 V? If so, what material is the diode

It's directly connected. Some use 100k resistor and neon tube, and the light is orange. Some use LED with resistor, and the resistance value is generally about 50K-100K. At this time, the LED has the function of rectification, so it can be used in AC circuit

A four ring resistor, green, purple, orange and gold, should be 57000 ohm. Can you connect it to a diode as a 220 V socket indicator?

General 220 V circuit LED indicator, current limiting resistance for more than 200 K. 57 K small

It says on the desk lamp that 220 V ~ can you use 230 V bulb?
The box of desk lamp says 230 ~, 40W, 50Hz. Can I use 230V, 5W bulb?

If you have a 230V bulb, it can be installed on the lamp. There is no problem in safety. However, due to the small power of the bulb itself, and the actual voltage is less than the rated voltage, the actual power is less than 5W, and the brightness may be lower
Note: if it is an energy-saving bulb, it's better not to use it on the dimming table lamp, otherwise it may burn out