lim(x+x^2+…… +x^n-n)/(x-1)

lim(x+x^2+…… +x^n-n)/(x-1)

Is x tending to 1? According to the law of lobida in Calculus (the limit value of the whole formula is equal to the original limit value after the derivation of the molecular denominator. This problem is of type 0 / 0, which meets the conditions. For details, you can refer to almost any book of calculus, which has it). The answer is (1 + n) * n / 2