求微分方程xy''+y'=0的通解(提示:可降階)

求微分方程xy''+y'=0的通解(提示:可降階)


解法一:∵xy''+y'=0 ==>xdy'/dx=-y'
==>dy'/y'=-dx/x
==>ln│y'│=-ln│x│+ln│C1│(C1是積分常數)
==>y'=C1/x
==>y=C1ln│x│+C2(C2是積分常數)
∴原方程的通解是y=C1ln│x│+C2(C1,C2是積分常數);
解法二:∵令t=ln│x│,則xy'=dy/dt,x²;y''=d²;y/dt²;-dy/dt
代入原方程得d²;y/dt²;-dy/dt+dy/dt=0
==> d²;y/dt²;=0
==>dy/dt=C1(C1是積分常數)
==>y=C1t+C2(C2是積分常數)
==>y=C1ln│x│+C2
∴原方程的通解是y=C1ln│x│+C2(C1,C2是積分常數).



微分方程y'=y+1的通解是什麼


dy/dx=y+1
dy/(y+1)=dx
通解為ln|y+1|=x+C



微分方程(1+x)y'+1=2e^(-y)的通解為__________


(1+x)y'+1=2e^(-y)
(1+x)y'=2e^(-y)-1
dy/[2e^(-y)-1]=dx/(1+x)
e^ydy/[2-e^y]=dx/(1+x)
積分得通-ln(2-e^y)+lnC=ln(1+x)
或:(1+x)(2-e^y)=C